electric-battery car

1) автомобиль

1) автомобиль, машина

2) вагон

3) горн. вагонетка; электрокар

4) горн. клеть, кабина

5) ехать на автомобиле

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- ambulance car

- baby car

- battery car

- bottom dump car

- brake car

- cable car

- cable-reel car

- camera car

- charging car

- cinder car

- coke-quenching car

- concept car

- convertible car

- door-type car

- driving trailer car

- drop-bottom car

- dynamometer car

- economy car

- electric-battery car

- experimental car

- flat car

- flue dust car

- freight car

- front-wheel-drive car

- handling car

- hospital car

- independently sprung car

- ingot-mold car

- installation car

- ladle car

- line axle car

- long-running car

- mail car

- mine car

- mine-rescue car

- motor car

- pan car

- passenger car

- powered industrial car

- prototype car

- rail car

- railway inspection car

- refrigerator car

- rental car

- rocker side-dump car

- scrap charging car

- self-discharge car

- self-propelled rail car

- skip car

- slag car

- sports car

- steam car

- tank car

- thermos car

- tipping car

- track-testing car

- trailer car

- transfer car

- weighing car

- wreck-resistant car

1) батарея

- break in a car

- car body

- car caravan

- second

- third gear

- accumulator car

- advertising car

- all-wheel drive car

- amphibian car

- armored motor car

- armoured car

- armoured motor car

- assembled car

- austerity car

- auto-delivery car

- automobile winch car

- autonomous car

- baby car

- base car

- bantam car

- D-front car

- damaged car

- watering car

- wreck-resistant car

1) (a series of two or more electric cells arranged to produce, or store, a current: a torch battery.) pila, batería

2) (an arrangement of cages in which laying hens etc are kept.) criadero

3) (a group of large guns (and the people manning them).) batería

4) (a long series: a battery of questions.) retahíla

battery n pila / batería

El plural de battery se escribe batteries

tr['bætərɪ]

noun (pl batteries)

1 SMALLELECTRICITY/SMALL (wet) batería; (dry) pila

2 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL (of artillery) batería

3 SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL (row of lights) batería

4 (series) batería

■ the system includes a battery of questions el sistema incluye una batería de preguntas

\

battery farming cría intensiva de animales

battery hen gallina de criadero

battery ['bæt̬əri] n, pl - teries

1) : lesiones fpl

assault and battery: agresión con lesiones

2) artillery: batería f

3) : batería f, pila f (de electricidad)

4) series: serie f

• batería (Electricidad) s.f.

• pila s.f.

noun (pl - ries)

1) c (in radio, lamp) pila f; (in car, motorcycle) batería f

2) c ( artillery) batería f

3) c ( Agr) batería f ( conjunto de jaulas instaladas para la explotación avícola intensiva); (before n) <eggs, hens> de criadero, de batería

4) c (array, set)

5) u ( Law) lesiones fpl

1. N

1) (Elec) (dry) pila f ; (wet) batería f

2) (Mil) batería f

3) (=series) [of tests] serie f ; [of lights] batería f, equipo m ; [of questions] descarga f, sarta f

4) (Agr) batería f

5) (Jur) violencia f, agresión f

* * *

noun (pl - ries)

1) c (in radio, lamp) pila f; (in car, motorcycle) batería f

2) c ( artillery) batería f

3) c ( Agr) batería f ( conjunto de jaulas instaladas para la explotación avícola intensiva); (before n) <eggs, hens> de criadero, de batería

4) c (array, set)

5) u ( Law) lesiones fpl

abs

1) the troops (the brigade, the cavalry, etc.) charged войска и т. д. пошли в атаку

2) the battery needs charging батарейку нужно зарядить, батарейка села

1) charge smth. charge a gun (an accumulator, an electric battery, etc.), заряжать ружье и т. д.

2) charge smth. charge 5 dollars (I rouble, a 4% commission, etc.) назначать /просить, взимать/ пять долларов и т. д.; what commission would you -? сколько вы возьмете комиссионных?

3) charge smth. charge a necklace (a dress, a dinner, etc.) записывать в долг покупку ожерелья и т. д.; I always -all my purchases я всегда покупаю в кредит

4) charge smb., smth. charge the enemy (the enemy troops, etc.) атаковать противника и т. д., завязать бой с противником и т. д; charge the enemy positions атаковать позиции противника

1) charge smb. in some manner charge smb. falsely (calumniously, groundlessly, etc.) предъявлять кому-л. ложное и т. д. обвинение

2) charge smb. in some manner charge smb. violently (unreasonably, heavily, vehemently, sword in hand, etc.) яростно и т. д. атаковать кого-л.

3) charge smth. in some manner charge a cart (a boat, a ship, a lorry, etc.) heavily (excessively, to the full, etc.) тяжело и т. д. нагрузить телегу и т. д.

1) be charged in some manner the lorry (the cart, etc.) was charged to the full (to excess, heavily, etc.) грузовик был нагружен до самого верха и т. д.; be charged with with. soldiers came back charged with booty солдаты вернулись, нагруженные добычей

2) be charged with smth. be charged with moisture (with electricity, etc.) быть насыщенным влагой и т. д.; the air was charged with steam в воздухе стоял пар; the atmosphere was charged with suspense /tension/ атмосфера была очень напряженной; the atmosphere there was charged with fear там царил страх

3) be charged in some manner he was falsely (groundlessly, etc.) charged его ложно и т. д. обвинили, ему было предъявлено ложное и т. д. обвинение; be charged with smth. what 'is the prisoner charged with? в чем обвиняется заключенный?

4) be charged smth. the company should be charged only your travelling expenses компания должна оплачивать только ваши дорожные расходы; be charged on smth. storage will be charged on each piece of baggage remaining at the station ever 24 hours за каждое место багажа, оставленного на хранение на вокзале на срок свыше двадцати четырех часов, будет взиматься плата

1) charge at smb. charge at the спешу (at the standing man, etc.) нападать /набрасываться/ на /атаковать/ противника и т. д.; the bull (the wounded lion, the stranger, etc.) charged at me suddenly бык и т. д. внезапно (на)бросился на меня; charge across (into, etc.) smth. the bull charged across the field (into the forest, etc.) бык бросился бежать по полю и т. д.

2) charge at smth. charge at L 300 a year (at five shillings a yard, at $ 8 an hour, etc.) брать /просить/ триста фунтов в год и т. д.; charge by smth. charge by weight (by bulk, etc.) взимать плату по весу и т. д, charge by the hour взимать почасовую плату

1) charge smb. with (on) smth. charge the enemy with fixed bayonets атаковать противника примкнутыми штыками; charge the enemy with violence яростно атаковать противника; charge the enemy on horseback завязать конный бой

2) charge smth. with smth. charge a gun with blank cartridges (the cannon with powder and ball, etc.) заряжать ружье холостыми патронами и т. д.; charge water with carbon dioxide газировать воду

3) charge smth., smb. with smth. charge a boat with a load нагружать лодку; charge one's shoulders with a sack of corn взвалить на плечи мешок зерна; charge mules with hampers навьючить на мула плетеные корзины; charge a table with dishes заставить стол посудой; charge the stomach with [indigestible] food набить желудок [тяжелой] пищей; charge one's speech with commonplace phrases (with proverbs, etc.) пересыпать свой речь банальными выражениями и т. д. charge one's memory with facts (with useful information, etc.) загружать память фактами и т. д. charge one's memory with trifles забивать голову /память/ всякими пустяками; charge smb. with reproaches ( with insults, with praise, with honours, etc.) осыпать кого-л. упреками и т. д.

4) charge smth. for smth. charge a fee for one's service (L 1 for the book, commission for the sale, etc.) назначать /просить, взимать/ плату за обслуживание и т. д.; charge too much (nothing) for smth. запросить очень много (ничего не взять) за что-л.; what /how much/ do they charge for a car by the day (for a call, for a room, etc.)? сколько стоит день проката автомобиля и т. д.?

5) charge smb. with smth. charge smb. with a crime (with offences of every imaginable kind, with delinquency, with various defects, with dishonesty, with carelessness, with complicity, with assault and battery, with murder. with treason, etc.) обвинять кого-л. в преступлении и т. д; charge smth. to smb. charge a crime (treason, a calamity, an accident, etc.) to smb. приписывать преступление и т. д. кому-л.

6) charge smth. to smb., smth. charge the expense to the firm (a thing bought to the customer, the sum to his account, the payment of smth. to the public debt, the fare on the bill, etc.) записывать /относить/ расходы за счет фирмы и т. д.

7) charge smb. with smth. charge the pupils with a task (the boy with a duty, him with an office, the agent with an important commission, etc.) дать ученикам задание и т. д., charge a governess with the education of children (a man with the superintendence of a building, etc.) поручить гувернантке воспитание детей и т. д; charge these people with heavy responsibilities возлагать на этих людей большую ответственность

1) charge smb. with doing smth. charge a burglar with having stolen the jewels (a student with neglecting his duty, a man with having done smth., etc.) обвинять грабителя в краже драгоценностей и т. д.' the policeman charged him with driving a car while under the influence of alcohol полицейский обвинял его в том, что он вел машину в нетрезвом виде

2) charge smth. for doing smth. charge a fee for performing an operation назначать плату за операцию; charge L 40 for teaching the children ($ 3 for running errands, etc.) просить 40 фунтов за обучение детей и т. д.; how much do you charge for cleaning a coat? сколько вы берете за чистку пальто?, сколько стоит почистить пальто?

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

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He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

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1) система; комплекс

2) метод; способ

3) канал

4) вычислительная система

•

- access control system

1) набор; комплект; группа; ряд; семейство; партия

2) совокупность; множество

3) установка; агрегат; аппарат

4) горн. оклад ( крепи)

5) батарея коксовых печей

6) установка; регулирование; настройка; наладка || устанавливать; регулировать; настраивать; налаживать

7) юстировка || юстировать

8) остаточная деформация

9) схватывание; затвердевание; отверждение || схватывать(ся); затвердевать; отверждать(ся)

10) стабилизация; фиксация (красителя, нити) || стабилизировать; фиксировать (краситель, нить)

11) крепление || закреплять

12) осадка ( грунта) || оседать( о грунте)

13) накрывка ( штукатурки) || наносить накрывку

14) глубина погружения сваи при ударе молота

15) разводка ( зубьев пилы) || разводить ( зубья пилы)

16) радиостанция

17) радиоприёмник

18) телевизионный приёмник, телевизор

19) вчт. установка в состояние "1" || устанавливать в состояние "1"

20) тлв, кфт. декорация

21) полигр. набор || набирать

22) полигр. сет ( единица измерения ширины знака)

23) закреплять, высыхать( о печатной краске)

24) полигр. комплект, гарнитура

25) свёртываться (о молоке)

26) отстаиваться (о сливках)

27) замешивать ( тесто)

1) снабжение; поставка || снабжать; поставлять

2) подача; подвод; питание || подавать; подводить; питать

3) электропитание; электроснабжение || подводить электропитание

4) источник (электро)питания; блок( электро)питания

5) мн. ч. запас(ы); продовольствие

- overhead way machine